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Description
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have become a widely studied class of compounds since the synthesis of the “revolutionary” compound (CH3NH3)PbI3, which, as a result of its optoelectronic properties, paved the way for more extensive research towards the synthesis of this type of compounds. Due to their promising properties and potential applications in the construction of diodes, photosensors, and photovoltaic cells, interest in HOIPs has grown exponentially over the past two decades.
In this work, HOIPs with morpholinium as the organic cation and I⁻ as the anion were synthesized and characterized. In order to monitor the changes in the structure and the influence on the optoelectronic properties, different cations (Bi3+, Sb3+, and Pb2+) were used during the synthesis. The composition of the synthesized compounds was determined by elemental CHN analysis and EDXS. The crystal structures were determined and investigated by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The characterization of the obtained compounds aimed at determining their applicability as semiconductors, based on the direct and indirect energy widths of the forbidden band.
Further, the compounds were investigated by Raman spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy in the mid- and far-infrared regions from –170 to 250 °C. The phase transformations of the compounds were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Thin films of the substances were prepared using the spin coating technique and analyzed by UV-VIS spectroscopy, the obtained data were used to construct Tauc diagrams from which the energy bandgap widths were determined.
Keywords: hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites, morpholinium, PXRD, SCXRD, infrared spectroscopy, UV-VIS spectroscopy
