Speaker
Description
Hard carbons derived from renewable biomass are promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to their low cost, sustainability, and favorable electrochemical properties. In recent years, in line with the increasingly widespread circular economy model, household biowaste has been used as raw material for the preparing of hard carbon [1].
In this work, we demonstrate industrial waste with high lignin content as precursors for the synthesis of hard carbons. Kraft lignin (from pulp and paper industry) and technical hydrolysis lignin (from filamentous yeast production) were pyrolysed on two temperature steps - at 800 and 1300 °C. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA-TG) and electrochemical techniques. The electrochemical performance of the lignin-derived hard carbons was evaluated in sodium half-cells using galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling in two mode: “constant current” and “constant current – constant voltage”, cyclic voltammetry, first sodiation discharge, first irreversible capacity, cycling stability. The results show reversible sodium storage, good cycling stability, and the influence of lignin precursor type on the structural and electrochemical properties of the materials. The observed differences are associated with variations in carbon disorder and pore structure. The study highlights the potential of industrial lignin waste as sustainable precursors for hard carbon anodes in next-generation sodium-ion batteries.