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This paper investigates the synthesis and characterization of potential catalysts for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) using Ce, Y, Yb, Pr, Dy and Nd rare earth elements (REEs) in combination with transition metals Co and Mn. Multivalent oxides were synthesized via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) in a single-step process, utilizing metal salt precursors. Structural and morphological analyses (XRD, SEM/EDS) confirmed the formation of homogeneous oxide phases with controlled composition while electrochemical studies (CV, LSV, PEIS, C-DC) demonstrated enhanced catalytic activity, excellent stability and favorable charge transfer kinetics in alkaline media. The results reveal that the engineered multivalent oxides exhibit superior OER performance compared to conventional catalysts attributed to the synergistic effects of REEs and transition metals in promoting electron transfer and surface reactivity.
These oxides are designed for application either as standalone catalysts or as core materials in core-shell systems where they serve as efficient supports to minimize the use of expensive nobler metals such as iridium and tantalum. By strategically incorporating these multivalent oxides as core structures, the nobler metal content can be significantly reduced while maintaining high catalytic efficiency thus improving cost-effectiveness and long-term sustainability. This approach aligns with the growing demand for scalable, durable and resource-efficient electrocatalysts for energy storage and conversion applications.
The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the design of next-generation catalysts for green energy technologies including water electrolysis, metal-air batteries and fuel cells. By leveraging the unique properties of multimetallic oxides this work contributes to the development of efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional noble-metal-based OER catalysts ultimately supporting the transition to cleaner and more sustainable energy solutions.
Keywords: Multivalent oxides; oxygen evolution reaction; rare earth elements; transition metal catalysts; sustainable energy solutions
Acknowledgments: This work was funded by Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (Bilateral project No. 337-00-19/2023-01/3 and Grant No. 451-03-136/2025-03/200026) and Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia (Project No. 6666 - OxyRePair)
| Scientific Sections | Green Technologies |
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